The recovery fund, established to help EU countries mitigate the economic impacts of the pandemic and the subsequent energy crisis caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, aims to distribute €357 billion in non-repayable support and €291 billion in loans by 2026.

Each member state is required to allocate these funds to reforms and investments outlined in their national recovery plans (KPO).

A recent report from the European Parliament’s Analysis Office reveals that the largest allocations from the recovery fund across the 27 EU countries have been for railway infrastructure, decarbonization, and transport safety improvements. The report identifies the top three beneficiaries in each country based on submitted data.

In Poland, PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe (PKP PLK) is the largest beneficiary, receiving €2.2 billion for the country’s largest KPO project.

The General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways (GDDKiA) follows with €530 million aimed at improving road safety through constructing city bypasses, modernizing hazardous road sections, and installing automated traffic monitoring systems.

Mobile phone services provider Orange ranks third, securing €131 million to provide high-speed internet access in underserved areas.

EU member states are required to update the list of the 100 largest KPO beneficiaries biannually.